KOTA KOSMOPOLITAN BANTEN PADA MASA KEJAYAAN JALUR REMPAH NUSANTARA ABAD XVI HINGGA ABAD XVII

Gregorius Andika Ariwibowo

doi:10.30959/patanjala.v13i2.800

KOTA KOSMOPOLITAN BANTEN PADA MASA KEJAYAAN JALUR REMPAH NUSANTARA ABAD XVI HINGGA ABAD XVII

Gregorius Andika Ariwibowo

Abstract

Abstrak

Kota kosmopolitan merupakan bagian atau simpul dari jaringan-jaringan transnasional yang terbentuk dari aktivitas ekonomi dan perdagangan, dimana kemudian terciptalah berbagai interaksi dan pertukaran budaya, ide, dan beragam aktivitas manusia. Kehidupan kosmopolis yang tercipta di Banten telah memberikan warna dalam sejarah Jalur Rempah Nusantara. Toleransi dalam keberagaman dan kemajemukan yang tercipta di kota-kota pelabuhan di sepanjang garis pantai Nusantara selama masa kejayaan Jalur Rempah merupakan nilai penting dalam melihat Indonesia pada masa kini. Kajian ini secara lebih dalam akan melihat seperti apakah rupa dari keberagaman yang tercipta di Banten? serta bagaimanakah mereka dapat saling menjaga keberagaman ini sehingga mampu menjadikan Banten sebagai pelabuhan kosmopolitan yang kaya pada masa tersebut?. Banten menurut Anthony Reid merupakan salah satu contoh dari kota yang berhasil memadukan kemajemukan-kemajemukan yang hidup dan tinggal di dalamnya. Kondisi ini menurut Reid disebabkan oleh keberhasilan kota-kota tersebut dalam menarik para pedagang asing dan orang-orang kaya untuk bergantung kepada mereka. Keduanya dalam beberapa hal terintegrasi menjadi elit yang dominan dan menciptakan kemajemukan budaya yang memungkinkan terselenggaranya perdagangan. Kota pelabuhan Banten telah menjadi kota perdagangan terbuka yang disinggahi oleh berbagai pedagang dari berbagai negeri di Nusantara dan Asia. Banten dalam pandangan Emily Erikson ketika itu merupakan kota yang memang dibangun dan dikelola untuk menjadi sebuah kota dagang yang terbuka bagi berbagai bangsa.

Kata Kunci: Kesultanan Banten, Perdagangan Lada, Kosmopolitan, Jalur Rempah, Keberagaman

Abstract

A cosmopolitan city is a part or node of transnational networks that form by economic and trade activities, which then creates various interactions and exchanges of culture, ideas, and various human activities. The cosmopolitan life in Banten has given a unique color to the history of the Nusantara Spice Route. Tolerance in diversity and plurality that was creating in port cities along the coastline in the Indonesia archipelago during the heyday of the Spice Route era is a high-and-mighty value in seeing Indonesia today. This study will see what kind of diversity that was creating in Banten?, and how they could mutually maintain this diversity to make Banten became a fortune cosmopolitan port at that time? Anthony Reid said that Banten was an example of a city that has succeeded in combining the diversity that lives and lives in it. This condition, according to Reid, was caused by the success of these cities in attracting foreign traders and fortune people to depend on them. In some ways, both are integrated into a dominant elite and create cultural pluralism that makes trade possible. The port city of Banten has become an open trading city visited by various traders from various countries in the archipelago and Asia. Banten, in Emily Erikson's view, was a city that was built and managed to become an open trading city to various nations.

Keywords: Banten Sultanate, Pepper Trade, Cosmopolitan, Spice Route, Diversity

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v13i2.800